SignOwl

E-signature glossary

Every term you need to understand electronic signatures — from audit trails to zero-knowledge proofs. Plain English, no jargon.

A

Apostille

An apostille is a form of authentication issued by a competent government authority that certifies a

AES-256 Encryption

AES-256 (Advanced Encryption Standard with a 256-bit key) is a symmetric block cipher adopted by the

Audit Trail

An audit trail is a chronological, immutable record of all events associated with a document's lifec

B

Biometric Signature

A biometric signature uses a signer's unique biological or behavioral characteristics — such as fing

Bulk Send

Bulk send is a feature that allows a sender to distribute a standardized document to multiple recipi

C

Consent to Electronic Process

Consent to electronic process is a signer's affirmative agreement to conduct a specific transaction

Counter-Signature

A counter-signature is a second signature added to a document to validate or confirm the first signa

Certificate Authority

A Certificate Authority (CA) is a trusted organization that issues digital certificates after verify

Click-to-Sign

Click-to-sign is an electronic signature method where a signer indicates their agreement by clicking

Co-Signer

A co-signer is a party who signs a document alongside the primary signer, typically assuming joint o

D

Digital Certificate

A digital certificate is an electronic credential issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) that crypto

Document Hash

A document hash is a fixed-length cryptographic digest computed from a document's contents, serving

Document Workflow

A document workflow is a configured sequence of steps — including routing, review, approval, and sig

E

ESIGN Act

The Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (ESIGN Act) is a U.S. federal law enac

eIDAS

eIDAS (Electronic Identification, Authentication and Trust Services) is an EU regulation (No 910/201

Electronic Record

An electronic record is any contract, notice, disclosure, or other document created, generated, sent

Encryption at Rest

Encryption at rest is the protection of stored data by encrypting it while it resides on disk, in a

Envelope

In electronic signature platforms, an envelope is a digital container that bundles one or more docum

Electronic Notary

An electronic notary (eNotary) is a commissioned notary public authorized to perform notarial acts u

I

Intent to Sign

Intent to sign is the demonstrated willingness of a party to be bound by a document, and it is a pre

L

Legally Binding Signature

A legally binding signature is one that creates an enforceable obligation between parties, meaning a

Long-Term Validation

Long-Term Validation (LTV) is a property of signed PDF documents whereby all information necessary t

M

Multi-Factor Authentication

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is an identity verification method requiring a user to present two

N

Non-Repudiation

Non-repudiation is the assurance that a party cannot credibly deny having signed or sent a document,

Notarization

Notarization is the official process by which a licensed notary public verifies the identity of sign

P

Power of Attorney Signing

Power of attorney signing occurs when an agent (attorney-in-fact) signs a document on behalf of a pr

PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is the set of roles, policies, hardware, software, and procedures ne

PAdES

PAdES (PDF Advanced Electronic Signatures) is a standard defined by ETSI (EN 319 100 series) that sp

R

Remote Online Notarization

Remote Online Notarization (RON) is the process by which a notary public performs a notarization usi

S

Statute of Frauds

The Statute of Frauds is a legal doctrine requiring certain types of contracts to be in writing and

SHA-256

SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit) is a cryptographic hash function that produces a fixed 256-b

Signer Authentication

Signer authentication is the process of verifying that the person accessing a signing workflow is ac

Signing Ceremony

A signing ceremony is the structured event, whether in-person or remote, during which all required p

Signer Verification

Signer verification is the process of confirming that a signing party's declared identity matches a

T

TLS Encryption

TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a cryptographic protocol that provides authenticated, encrypted co

Tamper-Evident Seal

A tamper-evident seal is a cryptographic mechanism embedded in a signed document that causes verific

Timestamp Authority

A Timestamp Authority (TSA) is a trusted third party that issues signed timestamps — cryptographic t

U

UETA

The Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) is a U.S. model law enacted in 1999 that grants elect

W

Witness Signature

A witness signature is an additional signature from a neutral third party who observes the principal

Wet Signature

A wet signature is a handwritten signature made in ink on a physical paper document, named for the b